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Detail of Cellini’s 1545 sculpture of Perseus - winged sandals. Loggia dei Lanzi, Florence. Tuscany

“Desgraciado quien no haya amado mas que cuerpos, formas y apariencias. La muerte le arrebatara todo. Procurad amar las almas y un día las volveréis a encontrar.”
― Victor Hugo

Los Hoolihan

 Siglo XIX, vivía en el barrio Londinense de Southwork una familia de irlandeses apellidados Hoolihan famosos por sus borracheras y por la violencia que atemorizó a todo el barrio, a los jovenes pendencieros se les empezó a llamar Hooligans.

Whem street roughs made a name for themselves.

The name Hooligan is now used to describe a person, more often than not a youth, who takes part in destructive, unruly and anti-social behaviour. The original meaning meant a young ruffian who was a member of a street gang (Oxford English Dictionary, 'OED').

But who were the original Hooligans? Hooligan is an Irish surname. As to how it came to used in its present meaning the OED has no clear evidence. It provides citations from 1898 that Hooligan referred to a gang of youths in the South London area, but it cannot find citations to support other suggestions that the name was a corruption of Hooley or Hooley's gang; or references from a music hall song about a rowdy Irish family, or came from a Patrick Hoolihan or Hooligan as claimed by Clarence Rook in 1899 [5].

Here at History House we thought we would do some more research and have found a slightly earlier reference to Hooligans.

London newspapers in April and May 1894 carried reports of a case at Southwark Police Court in South London where it was said that Charles Clarke, aged 19, was charged with assault on police, was:

"the king of a gang of youths known as the 'Hooligan Boys' ". [1]

The gang had attended a music hall and created a disturbance which resulted in the Police being called and the gang's arrest. At the later remand hearing a newspaper repeated that allegation, but referred to the "O'Hooligan Boys". [2]

The next month, two other youths were brought before Lambeth Police Court for threatening behaviour. They were described as members of the gang known as "the Hooligan Boys". [3]

The problem of gangs of youths in the Lambeth area appears to have been a big problem for in October 1894 the Illustrated Police News reported that local tradesmen were organising a deputation to send to the Home Secretary as police needed support in "their efforts to stamp-out the so-called 'hooligan' gangs of roughs". [4]

Reference to the hooligans then dropped from the newspapers until April 1898 when Henry Mappin as murdered in Lambeth. A member of the Hooligan gang was charged with his murder.

There was considerable publicity concerning this case with headlines such as 'Reign of terror in Lambeth' and 'Dreadful state of things in south Lambeth'.

Within a short time, whatever the area of London, newspapers switched from using their normal phrase 'gang of ruffians' to the more sensational a 'hooligan gang' or 'gang of hooligans'. One defence solicitor representing his client in Lambeth court on an assault charge was reported to say "that everybody who got into a row in that district was now called a Hooligan". [5]

The word, and its derivative, Hooliganism, was now fixed in the English language.

For other speculation on its origin see A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English By Eric Partridge, Paul Beale. It is interesting to note that despite Patrick Hooligan's alleged notoriety, his name fails to appear in any of the British Library's 19th century newspaper collection.

[1] Daily News (London), Tuesday, April 24, 1894
[2] Reynolds's Newspaper (London), Sunday, April 29, 1894
[3] The Illustrated Police News etc (London), Saturday, May 19, 1894
[4] The Illustrated Police News etc (London), Saturday, October 20, 1894
[5] The Penny Illustrated Paper and Illustrated Times (London), Saturday, 

http://www.historyhouse.co.uk/articles/hooligans.html

Ernst Jünger

"Son los tiempos de decadencia, donde se borra la forma en la cual nuestra vida profunda debe cumplirse. Llegados a tales épocas, vacilamos y tropezamos como seres a los que les falta el equilibrio. Caemos de la alegría oscura al dolor oscuro, el sentimiento de una ausencia infinita nos muestra llenos de atractivos el futuro y el pasado. Vivimos así en tiempos pasados o en utopías lejanas, mientras que el presente huye."

-Ernst Jünger, Sobre los acantilados de mármol.

 Veritas Vincitt

"Ley de la vida"

No se quejaba. Así era la vida y aquello le parecía justo. Él había nacido junto a la tierra, y junto a ella había vivido: su ley no le era desconocida. Para todos los hijos de aquella madre la ley era la misma. La naturaleza no era muy bondadosa con los seres vivientes. No le preocupaba el individuo; sólo le interesaba la especie. Ésta era la mayor abstracción de que era capaz la mente bárbara del viejo Koskoosh, y se aferraba a ella firmemente. Por doquier veía ejemplos de ello. La subida de la savia, el verdor del capullo del sauce a punto de estallar, la caída de las hojas amarillentas: esto resumía todo el ciclo. Pero la naturaleza asignaba una misión al individuo. Si éste no la cumplía, tenía que morir. Si la cumplía, daba lo mismo: moría también. ¿Qué le importaba esto a ella? Eran muchos los que se inclinaban ante sus sabias leyes, y eran las leyes las que perduraban; no quienes las obedecían.

Jack London "Ley de la vida"

• Vía Materialismo Biologico